2.7.2 - NORM Samples

NORM (naturally occurring radioactive materials) and T-NORM (technically enhanced) material play a dominant role in several daily processes. This includes not only the phosphate and oil industry, but as well the mining, balneology and geothermal activities among others. As α- and low energetic β-emitters without γ-radiations are mainly involved, liquid scintillation for measurement is the method of choice. However, in cases other than water samples, specific sample preparation procedures are necessary.